IoT-Based Automatic Monitoring and Watering System for California Lemon Tree Seedlings with Web Dashboard and Telegram Bot Integration

Muhamad Aldo Ryanda; Ahmad Rofiq Hakim; Fara Triadi

doi:10.59934/jaiea.v6i1.2751

Authors

Muhamad Aldo Ryanda Samarinda State Polytechnic
Ahmad Rofiq Hakim State Polytechnic of Samarinda
Fara Triadi State Polytechnic of Samarinda

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.59934/jaiea.v6i1.2751

Keywords:

Internet of Things, ESP32, soil moisture sensor, ultrasonic sensor, Firebase, web dashboard, Telegram bot, California lemon, automatic watering system

Abstract

Manual watering of California lemon (Citrus limon L.) seedlings often leads to inconsistent soil moisture, which can cause root rot from overwatering or plant stress from drought [1]. This study presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic watering system integrated with a web dashboard and Telegram bot. The system employs an ESP32 microcontroller connected to a soil moisture sensor (YL-69) for detecting soil water content and an ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) for monitoring water tank capacity. Sensor data is transmitted to Firebase Realtime Database and displayed on a web dashboard, while a Telegram bot named "AutoLemon" provides remote notifications and manual control capabilities [2]. The development followed a Prototype methodology encompassing communication, rapid design, prototype construction, and user feedback. Field testing demonstrated that the system operates as designed: the water pump activates automatically when soil moisture drops below 40% and deactivates once moisture reaches the 50–75% range. Compared to manual watering, which consumed an average of 600 ml per day, the automated system reduced water usage to approximately 479 ml per day—a savings of roughly 20%. The integration of dual monitoring interfaces enables real-time oversight of both soil conditions and water availability, offering a practical solution for small-scale lemon cultivation.

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